How have existing fiscal mechanisms (rules and practices) tried to Essay

How have existing fiscal mechanisms (rules and practices) tried to overcome or alleviate a "tragedy of the commons" dilemma - Essay Example Practically, though, it is not easy to ascertain whether the most favorable size of government has been achieved. Although, the provision of services and public goods can promote growth, revenue-raising mechanisms and inefficient provision of services and goods can impede growth (Schick 1998, p18). Evidence from Central Asia and Europe lists factors such as fiscal consolidation and budget deficits, size of government, quality governance, and composition of taxes and expenditure as some factors that affect fiscal growth. In this regard, public fiscal systems play a huge role in economic growth of any country. Enacting a stable fiscal position need a sustainable fiscal consolidation. In most cases, these have to be recurrent. Indeed, they are largely considered as a basic characteristic of the evolution of the market. Such consolidations are undertaken across Central Asia and Europe, albeit with relative degrees of success (Berthà ©lemy & Varoudakis 1996, p72). Fiscal growth for any country would require successful financial adjustment. On the other hand, unsustainable financial consolidation is counterproductive and can sometimes discourage investor confidence since they fail to establish sound financial position for the government (Scartascini 2004, P37). Sustainable government adjustments are required to create long-lasting financial space for expenses that propagate growth. Indeed, evidence from financial bodies such as the Organization of Economic Co-operation and development suggest that make-up of financial adjustment is paramount for fiscal sustainability (Berthà ©lemy & Varoudakis 1996, p12). Consolidations, which heavily rely on, tax cuts and increases in public ventures have been unsustainable while consolidations with structural reforms in their public expenditure reforms have lasting effects and financial growth by extension. Perhaps this is

Learning Disabilities in Adult life Research Paper - 1

Learning Disabilities in Adult life - Research Paper Example t, most challenged adults suffer from depression and, hence, it is or utmost urgency to monitor behavioural and cognitive patterns (Mattek & Wierzbicki, 1998). Another aspect which needs to be examined is the impact on their health and well being as a result of such learning disabilities. This may lead to several psychological issues like aggressiveness, sadness and anxiety (Davis et al. 2009). Accordingly, researchers also have to find out the required treatment and medication in order to control the behavioural issues such adults face. In fact, scholars have proposed antipsychotics as the treatment of preference (Unwin & Deb, 2008). Such adults need to adjust to the complex environment including family, employment, recreation, daily routine and community. We need to examine the impact of the challenges that these adults face and the possible outcomes which may be displayed in their behavioural patterns (Gerber, 2011). In fact, we will further examine the challenges faced in getting employment for such adults and list out specific reasons with special reference to LD adults in the United States of America (Madaus, 2008). Lastly, we examine the success achieved in the career path for adults with learning disabilities and further monitor the remarkable adjustments conducted in behavioural and cognitive aspects by such adults (Kreshner, Kirkpatrik & McLaren, 1995). Cooper, S.A., Smiley, E., Jackson, A., Finlayson, J., Allan, L., Mantry, D., & Morrison, J. (2009). Adults with intellectual disabilities: prevalence, incidence and remission of aggressive behavior and related factors. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53(3), pp. 217-232. Davis, T.E., Nida, R.E., Zlomke, K.R., & Nebel-Schwalm, M.S. (2009). Health-related quality of life in college undergraduates with learning disabilities: the mediational roles of anxiety and sadness. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31(3), pp. 228-234. Gerber, P. J. (2011). The impact of learning