Exercise vs. Diet in Weight Loss Essay Example for Free

Exercise versus Diet in Weight Loss Essay Presentation It is evaluated that 55% of the grown-up populace in the United States are either stout or overweight (National Institutes of Health, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute, 1998). Weight significantly builds an individual’s danger of experiencing ceaseless maladies, for example, hypertension, coronary supply route infection, and diabetes. Those with overabundance fat in the stomach zone are at expanded wellbeing hazard (National Institutes of Health, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute). While trying to characterize the job of activity in the treatment and avoidance of heftiness, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) held a logical roundtable to address this subject. Following the gathering, a few accord explanations with respect to physical movement and general wellbeing were discharged. Two articulations are specifically compelling to the applied exercise proficient. The principal articulation proclaims that the expansion of activity to an eating routine with limited caloric admission advances fat misfortune, while keeping up fat free mass. The subsequent articulation asserts that physical movement, without caloric limitation, negligibly if at all influences fat misfortune. The announcements propose that to upgrade weight reduction, a blend of diet and exercise is ideal, and that activity alone won't do the trick. Despite the fact that it is settled that a routine of diet and exercise is the most ideal approach to control body weight, an ongoing survey by Ross, Freeman, and Janssen (2000) challenges ACSM’s articulation that activity alone isn't a powerful strategy for weight reduction. This survey recommends that the examinations this announcement depended on don't successfully contrast caloric confining projects with expanded vitality use programs. They presume that if these variables were equivalent, practice alone can be as viable as caloric limitation for weight reduction. The motivation behind this article is to introduce Ross et al.’s contention differentiating the ACSM accord explanation. EXERCISE VS. CALORIC RESTRICTION In their survey, Ross et al. (2000) report that couple of randomized control preliminaries similarly contrast diet just with practice just health improvement plans. For instance, in a twelve-week study, Hagan, Wong, and Whittam (1986) looked at the measure of weight lost through eating regimen just to the measure of weight lost through an activity program. The corpulent ladies and men in the eating regimen just gathering (n=24) that diminished their caloric admission lost 5.5 kg and 8.4 kg, separately. To accomplish this level of weight reduction, ladies diminished their normal caloric admission by 945 kilocalories every day while the men diminished their normal admission by 1705 kilocalories per day. The activity just gathering (n = 24 fat people), played out a 30-minute walk/run program 5 days/week. All things considered, the ladies exhausted 190 kilocalories for every meeting while the men used a normal of 255 kilocalories for each meeting, which brought about an all out weight reduction of .6 kg and .3 kg for ladies and men, individually. The ladies in the eating regimen just program diminished their muscle to fat ratio from 35% to 29%, where as the ladies doing exercise just went from 35% to 33% muscle to fat ratio. Furthermore, the men in the eating regimen just gathering diminished muscle versus fat from 26% to 21% where as the activity just gathering encountered no adjustment in their muscle to fat ratio. This examination unmistakably delineates that weight reduction through eating routine just was not likened to vitality use through exercise as it were. In this way, equivalent measures of weight reduction ought not be normal. Interestingly, Sopko et al. (1985) in a twelve-week study, with corpulent men, detailed that when the negative vitality balance made by diet just and practice just are equivalent, the two medicines produce comparable outcomes. The members in the eating routine just gathering (n=10) encountered a weight reduction of 6.1kg by limiting their caloric admission 500 kcal/day. The activity just gathering (n=6) lost 6.2 kg by playing out a treadmill strolling program in which they consumed 500 kcal/day. The men in the eating regimen just gathering went from a muscle to fat ratio of 31.4% to 25%, where as the activity just gathering went from 26.7% to 19%. These outcomes show that identical measures of weight reduction can be gotten when the vitality consumption from practice is like the measure of calories limited through eating regimen. This is in opposition to the aftereffects of Hagan et. al., just as the ACSM accord proclamation that activity without caloric limitation negligibly influences weight reduction. Table 1 sums up some eating regimen versus practice weight the board examines, further approving when vitality use is coordinated, weight reduction is comparative. EXERCISE WITHOUT WEIGHT LOSS: THE HEALTH CONNECTION Abundance fat in the stomach zone autonomously expands an individual’s danger of insulin obstruction and high blood lipids. This conveyance of muscle to fat ratio is additionally a solid indicator of cardiovascular sickness (Grundy et al., 1999, National Institutes of Health, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute, 1998). It has been demonstrated that weight the executives programs bringing about lost absolute muscle to fat ratio additionally lessen a person’s measure of stomach fat. This loss of stomach fat is related with a diminished danger of cardiovascular infection. Nonetheless, it has been demonstrated that practicing people, who don't encounter any general weight reduction despite everything decline their danger of experiencing cardiovascular sickness (Ross Janssen, 1999). The flow investigate proposes that activity without weight reduction is really connected to decreases in instinctive fat (Ross Janssen 1999). In two comparable examinations, Ross et al. (2000) and Sopko et al. (1985) indicated that exercisers who didn't shed pounds experienced improved insulin affectability and an expansion in their ‘helpful’ HDL cholesterol. These discoveries are significant in light of the fact that in the occasion that weight reduction isn't accomplished, an individual who is at expanded danger of coronary course illness (CAD), or its comorbid conditions (i.e., hypertension, glucose narrow mindedness, insulin opposition), despite everything profits by normal high-impact practice interest. Functional APPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The applications from this audit article are weighty to the fitness coach and wellness proficient for two significant reasons. It is settled that activity and diet change is the best technique for weight reduction. Notwithstanding, Ross and partners and Sopko and partners likewise show the viability and worth of activity just projects for advancing weight reduction (in overweight and large populaces). Additionally, from a wellbeing viewpoint it is very significant to stress that vigorous exercise autonomously diminishes the danger of CAD and related comobidites. For medical advantages, Ross et al. (2000) affirm built up proposals of normal, moderate-force physical movement, for example, lively strolling, for 30 to an hour on most days of the week. The likewise recommend that â€Å"substantial decreases in weight and related comorbid conditions will result when day by day practice is performed at a moderate force for 45 to an hour daily without expiring caloric intake.† However, since the greater part of this medical advantages look into has been done in dominatingly male populaces, more research is required with overweight and large female populaces to approve these advantages in ladies. References: Grundy, S.M., G. Blackburn, M. Higgins, R. Lauer, M. Perri, D. Ryan. Roundtable Consensus Statement: Physical movement in the anticipation and treatment of weight and its comorbidities. Drug. Sci. Sports Exerc. 31: S502-S508, 1999. Hagan, R.D., S.J. Upton, L. Wong, and J. Whittam. The impacts of oxygen consuming molding as well as caloric limitation in overweight people. Drug. Sci. Sports Exerc. 18:87-94, 1986. National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: The Evidence Report. Obes. Res. 6(Suppl 2), 1998. Pate, R.R., M. Pratt, S.N. Blair, W.L. Haskell, C.A. Macera, C. Bouchard, D. Buchner, W. Ettinger, G.W. Heath, A.C. Ruler, et al. Physical action and general wellbeing. A proposal for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA. 273:402-407, 1995. Ross, R., D. Dagnone, P.J.H. Jones, H. Smith, A. Paddags, R. Hudson and I. Janssen. Decrease in heftiness and related comorbid conditions after eating routine prompted weight reduction or exercise-actuated weight reduction in men: A randomized controlled preliminary. Ann. Assistant. Prescription. 133:92-103, 2000 Ross, R., and I. Janssen. Is stomach fat specially decreased accordingly to work out actuated weight reduction? Medications. Sci. Sports Exerc. 31: S568-S572, 1999. Ross, R., J.A. Freeman, and I. Janssen. Exercise alone is a viable technique for decreasing weight and related comorbidities. Exerc. Game Sci. Fire up. 28: 165-170, 2000. Sopko, G., A. Leon, D. Jacobs, N. Encourage, J. Moy, K. Kuba, J. Anderson, D. Casal, C. McNally, and I. Frantz. The impacts of activity and weight reduction and plasma lipids in youthful corpulent men. Digestion. 34:227-236, 1985.

Historical and Cultural Perspectives of Luxury, with example of Luxury Essay

Chronicled and Cultural Perspectives of Luxury, with case of Luxury phenomenn in Russia - Essay Example The standard importance of basic necessities will consolidate sustenance, withstanding, and clothing. Needs, not at all like needs, are objective or across the board. Needs, not at all like needs, are conscious. Lopsided longings are unquenchable. (Friedman.V., 2012) Why an undertaking to view extravagance from a recorded perspective? Right off the bat, by examining how particular social requests in assorted occasions of our history oversaw extravagance, we can draw nearer to what it genuinely stays for and its relationship with various thoughts, for instance, wealth, influence, and so on. In addition, an in-significance recorded perspective will furthermore outfit us with significant bits of information into lion's share rules framework, nationalism, social friendliness, human characteristics, and relationship to God, and various pieces of the human social and monetary life. Thirdly, such an endeavor will point out the way that inside and out history, practically all undertakings to control people propensity to extravagance fail to do thusly, which exhibits to us clearly that such restrictions today are well en route to crash and burn as well. All around the authentic setting of mankind extravagance has been a consistent part in the lives of individuals and in progress of academics, authors, officials, financial experts. Extravagance has been about assessed in context of accommodating it an authentic definition, finding its suggestions and characteristics, its underlying foundations, reasons and results. However none of the various undertakings to do so can boast a comprehensive examination of this issue. In its improvement in time, extravagance has been both lauded and reprimanded, there were times when its signs were engaged or in spite of what may be normal discouraged. A specific region of extravagance in the human spirit dated as by and by as the third thousand years BC. Simultaneously for such an assortment of several years it has been associated with the possibility of wealth, both being observed as

Top 10 PR Techniques to Make Your Product Famous

Top 10 PR Techniques to Make Your Product Famous © Shutterstock.com | Bakhtiar ZeinIn this article, we will look at 1) the importance of public relations for any product or business and 2) top PR techniques to make your product famous.IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS FOR ANY PRODUCT OR BUSINESSOrganizations, businesses, and individuals are increasingly feeling the importance of strong public relations to grow their brand, their business or further their cause. Almost all large organizations have a dedicated unit for PR in-house, or big and small firms outsource these activities to a PR firm or a consultant. This is now a key area of marketing communications and is vital to maintaining a company’s image in the eyes of its stakeholders. A positive narrative about the firm can lead to better sales, more loyal following, and fans as well as an improvement to the overall bottom line.There are several techniques and tools that a public relations professional will employ in order to cultivate positive relationships with its key audience. Through the use of these techniques and tools, the aim is to:Manage issues and crises as they arise and often proactively;Act as a company spokesperson;Build mutually beneficial relationships with members of new and traditional media;Keep a strong social media presence;Closely monitor media channels for public comments about the company to predict issues or trends;Build goodwill through outreach, community, and philanthropic activities;Ensure that the right information is put out to the right audience at the right time to drive the conversation.These goals can be achieved through a systematic and sustained effort by the public relations professional in conjunction with the senior management of the firm. The top ten PR techniques to do so are discussed in the next section in some detail.TOP 10 PR TECHNIQUES TO MAKE YOUR PRODUCT FAMOUS1. Clearly Identify Your AudienceUsually, a wider marketing strategy will have customer segments, and key stakeholders mapped out for a company. Inform ation about this audience needs to be put into a database and will include information such as demographics (age, gender, geographic location etc) as well as other relevant information including preferred activities, where time is spent online, keyword research and purchasing power. It is vital to identify this audience because it costs time and money to reach the audience and if it is the right one, there will be returns on the investment. A simple 5 step plan to identify a target audience is mentioned below.Step #1: Refer to Your Business Plan This is a good starting point to study the broad goals of your company and assess the products/services on offer. What need do they fulfill? How are you better than competitors? Why would a customer value these differences and who is this audience? The next bit of information to figure out is how to reach this audience. The key is to not consider who you would like to sell to but to assess who will value the product.Step #2: Begin ResearchUs e existing sources initially to gather initial information about the industry, the competition and identified target customers. If information is not available, then there may be a need to conduct some primary market research.Step #3: Develop a Customer ProfileWith the right information, a generic customer profile or profiles can be constructed. This description of the customer may include information such demographics and psychographics. The latter includes information regarding the consumer’s psychology, interests, hobbies, values, attitude, lifestyle and more. This information together helps identify who will buy a product and why they will do so.Step #4: Find this Audience Once identified, it is now time to find the audience. This means assessing which websites they visit, preferences for social media, email, apps, as well as traditional media preferences, will help get the message to them.Step #5: Monitor and EvolveThere needs to be a constant effort to stay on top of the cur rent market and industry trends and evolve with any changes.2. Clearly Define Your GoalsThere can be many different goals of any PR effort. Even within a single company, there may be a variety of expectations from public relations. Generating buzz or interest, an increase in brand recognition and awareness, dissemination of information, placing news and interviews, mitigating crises, influencing the direction of the industry are all activities that PR would perform. While setting goals, a few key questions should be kept in mind.What will be accomplished?The first question to ask regards the expected outcome of a publicity initiative. There is a need to be specific and to group similar goals together. All goals will need measurable objectives against them.How will the results be measured?Often, the impact of a PR initiative may not be measurable through hard metrics. To counter this, it is necessary to decide on the right metrics before an activity is undertaken. When goals and obje ctives are set clearly and broken into key components, the measurability increases.What will the timelines be?Most often, PR goals will need to coincide with other business goals to ensure maximum impact and a unified message. Timelines will help capture deliverables and increase chances of maximum impact initiatives.What is my budget?Along with time, budgets also have great impact on the kind of goals and timelines that will be set. The scale and reach of initiatives will depend on the type of budget that can be allocated.3. Build a Compelling Brand StoryAccording to Ann Handley, Chief Content Officer of MarketingProfs and the co-author of the best-selling book on content marketing, Content Rules (Wiley, 2012), storytelling in a business context is not about a fairy tale, but more how the product/service exists in the world. The story should be who you are and what you do for others. The brand story should help people connect with you and the brand and to see the business as a live entity with real people behind it. A few elements of a captivating story will include:It’s True  The story should not be made up, and marketing content should be based on real people, situations, and genuine emotions.It’s Human   For any company, even B2B ones, it is important to capture how products affect real people.It’s Original   The story should not be the same as many other companies but instead focus on what makes you unique or interesting and why are you important.It Serves the Customer   The story should be well produced and interesting in order to captivate the audience and allow them to connect with it.4. Work on Search Engine Optimization (SEO)A majority of information does the rounds on the internet these days. This is what makes the ability to optimize for search engines such a key factor in successful PR activities. With an understanding of the audience and PR goals, key search words can be identified that can then be used to optimize articles, news stories, blog posts and even social media posts. SEO basically means finding ways to highlight a website in internet search results and diverting more traffic to the site. A few important aspects of SEO are:Monitor Constantly: SEO effectiveness will only measurable by monitoring search standings. This can be done through page rank tools such as Alexa and the Google Toolbar.Appropriate Use of Keywords: The right keywords need to be a part of content titles, the content itself, URLs and in image descriptions. A thorough analysis will help identify obvious and less obvious possible keywords. The danger here is keyword stuffing that can lead to a site being labeled as a spammer.Link Back to Yourself: One important SEO strategy is to create internal links within a website. This helps direct traffic to individual pages. An appropriate amount of links back to archived material through anchor text that is also search engine friendly will help boost traffic.Image Descriptions: Search engines can only through text itself. This excludes any text within an image thereby creating a need for text-based image descriptions.5. Associate With Big Issues or TrendsAnother good way to create a successful public relations campaign is to link it with relevant world events or global issues. This is great way to engage audiences, extend reach and help a news item or an article go viral. A few websites can help track and identify important world trends.Google trends â€" http://www.google.com/trendsYouTube trends â€" http://www.youtube.com/trendsdashboardTwitter trends â€" http://trendsmap.comSome tips to help identify important trends are:Focus beyond only the interesting trends to those that have a bearing on your business and your industry.Keep an eye on what is happening domestically as well as globally. Some trends may take time translating to the local market but may be important and useful if identified early.Keep an eye on industries that your partners and suppliers are a part of as thes e may affect your business as well.Trust your instincts about what is important and don’t over-analyze.6. Leverage Social MediaAnother important path to successful public relations efforts is to create and maintain a vibrant social media presence. Customers appreciating your product on these forums serves as free endorsements that are genuine and credible. Below are a couple of important points to keep in mind when leveraging social media.Find Your Market: Use search features within each social media platform to find conversations about your brand or industry. Using these, find your audience on each platform and you may find them favoring one platform over the others.Keep it Manageable: To keep things manageable, it is a good idea to identify a few platforms with the most relevant audience and focus on them to ensure a sustainable and consistent effort.Provide Visuals: To stand out in the massive crowd online and on social media, it is important to have captivating subject matter. Photos and videos are the best way to achieve this for whatever platform you chooseBe Conversational: People eventually tire of a brand that is in an impersonal broadcast mode. Instead, it is a good idea to engage others, mention them and respond to comments and queries.Connect with Influencers: Building up a follower base from zero can take a lot of time. A good way to do this faster is to find non-competing influencers who can be partnered with to build up fans with a mere exchange of content. Others can be prominent bloggers and celebrities who may endorse your product.Give Freebie: A good way to get something from others is to give freebie. This means sharing and liking content posted by others without an expectation for return favors. This will promote a culture of engagement and others will want to do the same for you.7. Sponsor or Hold Special EventsAnother good way to raise awareness through PR is to sponsor popular public events or even to hold events. Different events can be chosen for this such as charity events, sporting events, fashion or recreational ones. The company’s marketing content can be displayed at the venue, on giveaways and even invitation cards. Charity events especially build goodwill with the audience as the company is seen to care about its community. Some potential event ideas can be:Contact local charities and suggest working together for a cause or campaign.Contact local sporting teams to see if they are interested in sponsorship for the team itself or for a tournament.Depending on the nature of the product, a weekend family event could raise the products image with the participating families.Network with local business leaders, politicians and media representatives to find new avenues to explore.8. Build Relationships with Blogger and Idea MakersInfluential bloggers already have a target audience in place and by forming long-term relationships with these bloggers, you can get direct access to thousands of their readers. Blog gers also have credibility among their followers and referrals from them can lead to purchase decisions. The idea is to treat bloggers with respect and make attempts to form lasting and long term relationships. Some tips for doing so are discussed below.Research: Instead of going after hundreds of bloggers, identify the few key ones that will have the most impact on your chosen target market. Research these bloggers and get to know them before approaching them.Take them Seriously: Always respect the hard work that has gone into forming a successful blog and thousands of loyal readers.Introduce Yourself: Make yourself and your intentions known to the blogger and explain that your research has led you to believe that you could work well together.Don’t Attach Strings: Offer the product for review but do not stress or force a positive one. If your product is up to par, it will stand well to the test and garner positive reviews on its own. These reviews will mean more and have more cre dibility than any forced ones.Offer Gifts, Not Bribes: A gift offered in return for their time and effort is a positive thing, but items sent with the expectation of positive reviews in return are a bad idea.Provide All the Relevant Information: As with traditional media and media packs, make sure the blogger has all the relevant information needed to evaluate  properly the product.Follow Through: Once the product has been reviewed, maintain a relationship by sending a thank you note or writing a testimonial. You could provide a link to their site as well.9. Develop Winning Content Broadcast it in the Right PlaceIn order to differentiate your campaign from the many others out there, it is vital to develop catchy, engaging and interesting content that has good recall. Content may be funny, serious, creative or eye-catching, but it has to be relevant. Some aspects to consider for a successful campaign are:What is the audience?What are the campaign goals?What is the key medium of comm unication?What will the framework of the campaign content be?How will the message be phrased?Once the right content is created, it also needs to be broadcast in the right place. Trying to cover a large audience by replugging the same content on every social media outlet or traditional media channel is not the way to go. Instead, the message needs to be tailored to the audience for each specific type of channel selected with a unified and harmonious message.10. Measure your ResultsThroughout a campaign and on its conclusion, there needs to be adequate monitoring and evaluation to assess if the objectives of the campaign are being met. It is vital to divide the main goal into measurable objectives and decide the metrics that will be measured for success or failure before the campaign is initiated. Some ways to measure include:Press ClippingsMedia ImpressionsContent AnalysisWebsite TrafficCustomer SurveysSocial Media Mentions

Personal Statement Real Estate Essay - 1748 Words

Real Estate A good job is something everyone needs to have. It doesn’t have to be a doctor or dentist or any other traditional well-paying job. Your job should be something you enjoy and look forward to doing. To get a decent paying job you should go to college for at least 4 years. Although there is a couple lucky people who do or did okay without going to college. Mostly, nowadays people have to go to college to live well. If you are someone who wants to have kids or a family, you will need a decent job to even provide the basic needs of your family. I plan to attend college for four years so I can manage and own a business myself. Real Estate schooling doesn t take that long to complete. Real Estate isn’t the career for people who would like to work at a desk job from nine to five but it interests me. I don’t want to be just a real estate agent; I also want to be an owner of a real estate office. To do this, I want to go to college and get a business degree on top of a real estate license. A bachelor s degree takes 4 years to achieve. I plan on getting a bachelor’s degree in business because there are plenty of jobs I can get if I don’t like real estate. Like I also said I want one so I can propitiously run an office. You could say that a business degree is also a fail-safe. A business degree is also a good thing to go to college for because it opens a lot of doors down the line. After or maybe even during my time in college, I can also get my real estate license.Show MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : Developing My Skills At This Point Have Centered Around Your Real Estate Investment Company953 Words   |  4 Pagesmission, vision, and core value statements realizing this will help focus not only myself, but the direction I will take the company in the future, it will also play a vital role in getting addition capital or investors to buy into what this could potentially become. 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Five years of personal income tax returns 2. Personal bank account statements for the past couple of years 3. Salary reports 4. Salary verification letter from previous employers 5. Five years of business income tax returns if income was generated from the operation of your business 6. Business registrationRead MoreFinancial Plan For Hire A Financial Planner1086 Words   |  5 Pagesor a physical binder in real life. Organization will be the key to your success because creating a system will ensure you’ll follow through with your financial plan over time. Everything you do for your financial plan should go in this folder or binder. It’s going to be your go-to place for all things related to your financial plan. The first tab or subfolder that you need to create is an administrative summary. In your administrative summary, you should list your personal information, including

The Importance Of Verbal And Non Verbal Communication

1. Introduction With the globalization of market, there are an increasing number of international trades between two interlocutors that come from different cultural background. The business negotiation is an important part of trade cooperation and it can even determine the success of trade cooperation. Verbal communication is an essential and considerable part of the business negotiation; it is believe as the most crucial and direct means of communication. However, non-verbal communication, such as paralanguage, proxemics, kinesics, chronemics, oculesics, colorics and olfactics, can transfer information and emotion far more efficiency and actually. The study of nonverbal communication is very important, especially in cross-cultural background, maybe we couldn’t understand the language a foreigner saying, but we can know his intention by his non-verbal language, for instance, behavior. Failure to recognize important cultural different in business negotiation will cause misunderstanding and eve n lead to stagnation or dismissal. In the paper, I will explore the relative importance of verbal and non-verbal communication in the negotiation process. Part one of this article describes the definition of verbal and non-verbal communication and their kinds and expression forms. In Part two, I will take China companies as examples to discuss how to use verbal communication and non-verbal communication rationally in cross cultural negotiation and avoid making mistakes. The articleShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Verbal And Non Verbal Communication Essay1456 Words   |  6 PagesMy partner and I spent twenty minutes talking about our goals and fears, regarding this course. I found this process comfortable, a combination of factors are the reasons in which this process was comfortable including, the use of verbal and non-verbal communication. 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When it comes to career non-verbal communication is a very powerful tool in the criminal justice field Communication is one of the essential tools used for the exchange of ideas, feelings, and even visions. It is the activity of passing across the intended information through the exchange of signals, writing, thoughts, behavior, and messages(Yates , pg. 433). Communication plays a very important role in our daily lives. It helps us express ourselvesRead MoreThe Importance of Non-Verbal Communication Essay625 Words   |  3 PagesThe Importance of Non-Verbal Communication Communication, to me is the most important tool to survival and success and is used daily by everyone. I have always felt a particular need to increase my personal levels of communication and language skills. When I entered college, I felt very insignificant to the people around me because I didn’t feel smart enough to communicate on their levels. I then became an English major. Nonverbally, I was trying to say â€Å"I want to learn how to sound smart!†Read MoreWhy Non Verbal Communication Is Importance4940 Words   |  20 Pagesis to present a broad comprehensive and contemporary review of the literature on the service quality. The section will begin with the process of defining key terms, as it is essential to create and establish a solid foundation for this study. The importance, benefit, and significance of service quality will be discussed. 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This essay will discuss how effective verbal and non-verbal communicationRead MoreCommunication Is The All Of The Procedures By Which One Mind Can Affect Another1146 Words   |  5 Pages WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? â€Å"Communication is the all of the procedures by which one mind can affect another† It can be defined as the key that joins various factors of an organization. It determines the success or failure of an organization. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION: †¢ INTRA-PERSONAL. †¢ INTER-PERSONAL. †¢ EXTRA-PERSONAL. †¢ ORGANISATIONAL GROUP. †¢ MASS. FORMS OF COMMUNICATION: 1. As management communication, public communication, advertising and personal selling. 2. As ingredient of corporateRead MoreIntroduction. The Importance Of Communication Is The Needed1128 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The importance of communication is the needed basis in nursing practice. Communication is often dependent on the verbal and nonverbal communication (Marshall Stevens, 2015). Also behavioural along with speech aspects, skilled transfer with receiving of the nurse-patient information starts productive relationships or defiantly, it develops significant repercussions if used in an improper way. This essay will converse the importance of verbal with non-verbal communication in establishing

National Film Registry and Existentialism Reflection Patch Free Essays

Adams is a movie about a man that is determined to be a doctor. Along the way, he comes across some issues when he won’t conform to the rest of the medical students. He is actually a good example of an existentialist. We will write a custom essay sample on National Film Registry and Existentialism Reflection Patch or any similar topic only for you Order Now He is his own person within a larger society, or the other students at the school. He follows what he believes in and his life turns out almost just the way he wanted it to. In the movie, there were some quotes: â€Å"Look beyond the problem. † –Arthur Everyone else stares whatever their problem is right in the face and expect to figure out the solution. Arthur tries to say, look past the problem. Focus on the solution. â€Å"See the world anew each day. † –Arthur †¢In a way, this is a stoic quote. To not let anything previous to this day affect it. Everyday holds a new adventure and if you are worrying about the past, how are you ever going to enjoy it? â€Å"The mental hospital was the best thing that ever happened to me. † –Patch †¢In the hospital, he found out he loved to help people.He wanted to listen to people and make them enjoy life. He really found his passion and without the mental hospital, he maybe never would have. â€Å"Death is not the enemy†¦indifference is. † –Patch †¢When people are dying, showing care is the most important thing. If they don’t know that people care, that makes death so much worse. Everyone is going to die someday. Everyone should just enjoy life. As relating to existentialism, Kirkegaard would have thought that Patch was a good example. He was a part of the group, yet he was his own person within that group. How to cite National Film Registry and Existentialism Reflection Patch, Papers

Why You Should Create Urgency to Improve Concentration

The CEO of Testive, TheRealTomRose answers questions about life, college, and stressed out parents in our quick-fire QA. Learn more about Testive at www.testive.com.Alma Mater? Duke University (NC) and MIT (MA) Favorite quote? When the student is ready, the teacher appears. - Anonymous. One of the things I have learned from my experience working with over 100,000 students on the SAT and ACT is that the single biggest thing that stops students from succeeding is not sticking with the process. The SAT/ACT score is the most important part of a college application that can be improved in the short-term. Considering how important it is, it’s a mystery to many why students have trouble getting started and sticking with a program. But Ive learned that most students havetrouble sticking with a learning program because it just isnt that urgent. It never has to be done today until it’s too late. To be successful, one needs to create urgency. There are only two good ways to create this urgency. (1) You can take a real test(there’s nothing like getting a real score to light a fire under you); or (2) you can get a coach/tutor. (One exception, 10% of students are strangely able to self-motivate, but 90% need the help of a teacher to reach their full potential .) First job? I got super lucky on my first job out of undergrad. I was hired by the dean of the Pratt School of Engineering to be the Director of The Duke Smart HomeProgram. It was started as a student-led initiative to build the house of the future. As a recent student who was part of the program from the beginning, I was hired to run the project. We raised $3M from The Home Depot and built the world’s first LEED Platinum (the pinnacle award of green building) college dorm. The building was completed in 2008 and 10 students now live there while they continue to experiment with future-living. How did you become the CEO of an ed tech company? I used to work as a high-priced tutor. (At my peak, it was $440 per session.) For a while, I loved the work. I was making a real difference in the lives of students and the work was fun and easy. But soon, the work became repetitive. I was still delivering tremendous value to my students, but so much of what I was doing was a repeat of something I had already done. Eventually, I got to thinking that there had to be a way to use technology (I’m an engineer by training) to handle the repetitive parts of teaching, so that I could be free to do the really high-value parts of coaching students: learning strategy, solving personal problems, and getting students un-stuck and back on track. That technology turned into what Testive is now. The leverage of the technology allows us to make the program 3x cheaper, and even better, the score improvement results are higher than what I was doing before on my own. (We post all our actual student results publicly online here.) Why should students hire you? Our software is built on top of proprietary algorithms designed at MIT that increase learning speed (the software is free!) Our students increase their scores 3x the industry average.To get the most out of Testive, it is best used with one of our coaches (we charge for this.) We work with all of our students 1-on-1. Our teachers have all scored in the 99th percentile of the tests they teach. All our meetings are done with video chat online, so there is no travel. What’s your motto? Motivation is fundamentally human. When you think about the things you do and why you do them, you’ll find that *other people* are at the root of most of them. That’s why students have so much trouble learning on their own in a vacuum, there is no motivation. That’s why working 1-on-1 with a human coach is so powerful. It’s not just more personalized, it’s more motivating. What are the biggest mistakes students make applying to college? (1) The biggest mistake I see my students make when applying to college is picking the wrong one (or wrong set to apply to). In particular, there is a tendency of many to prioritize rank over fit. There are tons of small, liberal arts schools that deliver world-class educations that don’t rank well in US News because they don’t have doctoral programs. Also, students should consider their in-state public university. Large, public schools typically have something for everyone, so they’re pretty safe, they’re easier to get into, they’re much cheaper (I still personally have $127,000 in student debt), and here’s one reason to go to one’s local school that I just discovered. (For the moment, suppose that the child in this scenario ultimately settles down near their parents later in life. I know 17 y/o’s are in a quest for independence that is creating a powerful drive to go get out of dodge, but just assume for one sec that at the en d of the day, the child settles near the parent.) There is a tremendous advantage to going to school in that same area: imagine making several hundred close friends and business contacts throughout school, many of whom are likely to stay local. That network could power one’s social-life/career for the rest of life. (Plus, many people meet their future spouse in college. Imagine if your spouse is *also* local. Now you’re living in the home town for both of you!) (2) The second biggest mistake I see is people waiting until too late to get started with SAT/ACT prep. Test scores are the most impactful part of one’s application that can be affected in the short term. The best time to get started prepping is the summer before Junior year. Remember, you can take the test as many times as you like and submit only the scores you choose. Everyone should plan to take a test 3 times (you don’t have to take it that many times, but you should plan to have time so that you can if you need to.) What that means is that students should be taking their first test in October/November of their junior year. One tip of advice for students? Don’t fool around. Get an expert coach early and nail down some great test scores. Underscoring your potential is super depressing. It can limit your trajectory in life. Scoring well on these tests requires mastery of reading, writing, and arithmetic, the fundamental skills of success in modern life. Putting extra time in here is lucrative in many ways beyond the score, so it’s a great investment. How do you think the application process will change in 10 years? I’m hopeful that the concept of the undergraduate degree as we know it will die soon. The value of a college education is very low right now. What I currently see in higher education today is people burning about $300k over 4 years (including the opportunity cost of lost work) so they can acquire maturity and pedigree and stall the beginning of their careers. What I hope will happen is that we will see the reemergence of vocational schools (such as General Assembly) and experience programs (such as Outward Bound) to take their place. Imagine that instead of dropping $300k on a bachelors degree, you instead lived in Spain for a year (mastering Spanish for life), sailed around the world with 7 of your new greatest-friends-for-life, spent a year building software at a hot tech company like Testive, took courses from General Assembly, and finished with $150k in the bank and a job paying $80k a year. That life is available to students right now, and I know several people who have d one something similar. In 10 years, I hope it’s closer to the norm. What’s your opinion on ACT vs. SAT? This is a very complicated and personal question and the internet is full of half-answers to this question that leave people stranded without giving them a definitive answer. Our students grapple with this question all the time, so we have created an interactive tool that determines the optimal test for each student based on a set of questions (geographical location, study-time-to-date, skills-differential, year of graduation, etc.) and a optionally a shortened adaptive practice test of each to judge ability. 3 people to have dinner with (dead or alive)? (1) My wife Tracy(Strangely, this never gets old, and is rarer than I’d like.) (2) John Fallon (the CEO of Pearson, the largest Ed Tech company in the world) (3) Dharmesh Shah (The former co-founder of HubSpot, and an investor in Testive. An introvert, that rarely does dinner dates, and is a huge inspiration of mine.) Biggest thing parents stress out about? Parents stress because there are few things they can do directly to affect college admissions. As a result, parents spend lots of time stressing out about how to get their child to *do* something. This turns into nagging, which depletes good will and is also low-leverage. Once your child hits the teenage years, every moment you have alone with them becomes precious. You don’t want to spend the tiny amount of time you have nagging them about test prep. Instead, outsource it to us! We’ll work with your student to set a score goal and make a plan to hit it. We’ll send you a weekly status report with the progress they are making, so you can calm down and spend more quality time having fun. Looking for help with your college applications? Get in touch with a mentor and have your questions answered by a successful college student. Search through our database to find students like you and see how they got into college. If you’re interested in working with Testive, you can sign up to use our free SAT/ACT prep software at www.testive.com or speak with one of our advisors directly at www.testive.com/schedule-call/.

Chemical Preservatives Essay Example

Chemical Preservatives Essay Example Chemical Preservatives Essay Chemical Preservatives Essay It is applied as a chelating agent. Its function is to control the reaction of metal ions with some organic and inorganic components that will result in deterioration of foods. Apart from that, the preservative also acts as antioxidant antimicrobial agent, especially against gram-negative bacteria. Mechanisms of action Ca disodium EDTA blocks the normal reaction of metal ions by binding to their reactive sites. This increases its efficiency as an antioxidant. Consequently, the oxidation of ascorbic acid and fat-soluble vitamins is hindered and also the rancidity of the product. The resistance of gram-negative bacteria is overcome by the removal of lipopolysaccharide containing membrane. 2. Calcium Propionate (C6H10CaO4) It was found in wholemeal bread rolls. Properties It is the salt of propionic acid. It is only soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol. Utilization The antimicrobial activity is particularly against mycotoxin forming moulds, less so against bacteria. No inhibition effect has been demonstrated against yeast. Therefore, it is mainly used for bread preservation, as it will not interrupt the leavening in bakery goods raised by yeast. The other salt of propionic acid, sodium propionate is employed chiefly in confectionery. Mechanisms of action The antimicrobial activity is related to amino acid uptake inhibition and growth inhibition in the cell membrane. Propionic acid carries out neutralization of the protonmotive force by shuttling undissociated molecules through the membrane. They are then dissociated on the inside of the membrane. Apart from that, it can work within a high pH range, which is the condition in most bakery goods owing to low dissociation constant. Moreover, they can combat against moulds and prevent ropiness caused by the action of Bacillus mesentericus. 3. Nisin It was found in Swiss cheese. Properties It is a polypeptide antibiotic, produced by some Lactococcus lactis strains. The polypeptide consists of 34 amino acids. Although it is defined as an antibiotic, it is not used as human medicine in disease treatment. Utilization The inhibitory effect of nisin is restricted to pathogenic gram-positive microorganisms and all spore forming microorganisms. For example, lactic acid bacteria, Streptococci, Bacilli and Clostridia. However, yeast and moulds are not inhibited by nisin. This heat resistant peptide is applied to suppress anaerobes in cheese and cheeses products, especially in hard cheese and processed cheese to inhibit butyric acid fermentation. Mechanisms of action The action of nisin is directed against the cytoplasmic membrane right after the germination of the spore. Its action is pronounced against spores rather than vegetative cells. 4. PHB-esters It was found in chicken and mushroom pastry. Properties They are the alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and are stable. The solubility in water decreases with increasing alkyl chain length. Utilization The esters are mostly antifungal agents. They are effective against yeasts but less so against bacteria, especially those gram-negative bacteria. The uses of PHB-esters are governed by 3 properties: action dependent on the pH value, very low water solubility and particular organoleptic characteristics. Mechanisms of action Its mode of action is very similar to that of benzoic acid. The parabens dissolve in or through the cell membrane, interfering with the membrane-related processes or structures. In addition to that, paraben has been found to inhibit both growth and isolated uptake systems for amino acids. 5. Sodium Ascorbate (C6H7NaO6) It was found in the smoked reformed ham of Italiano ham and cheese tortellini. Properties It is the salt of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). It is soluble in water. In water, it readily reacts with atmospheric oxygen and other oxidizing agents. Utilization Na ascorbate is used as an antioxidant due to its high affinity for oxygen. Furthermore, it is also functions as a colour preservative. It is used as a reducing agent in curing of meat for a good pink colour. In addition, it helps to retard the browning reactions in fruits and vegetable products. Mechanisms of action In this context, Na ascorbate is included in the curing-salt mixtures to reduce the amount of residue nitrite. As a reducing agent, it influences the rate of key reducing reaction in the formation of nitrosyl myoglobin (MbNO). MbNO is responsible for the read pigment of the uncooked bacon and ham. As a result, lower levels of nitrites or nitrates could be used in pickles. At the mean time, it also hinders the nitrosation reaction. 6. Sodium Benzoate It was found in marmalade. Properties It is the salt of benzoic acid. It occurs in the form of white crystalline powder. Its solubility is 200 times greater than benzoic acid. Utilization The inhibition activity of sodium benzoate is mainly against yeasts and moulds. Bacteria are only partially inhibited. It is used for preservation of sour foods, which has a pH of 4-4. 5 or lowers, as they can tolerate at acidic pHs. The usual quantity applied is 0. 05-0. 1% Mechanisms of action The undissociated part of benzoic acid is the effective agent. Its action is pH dependent because it has to penetrate the cell wall of the microorganisms in order to develop its action. Generally, it has been discovered to influence the enzyme controlling acetic acid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, the preservative also intervene at various points in the tricarboxylic cycle, especially where the dehydrogenases of ? -ketoglutaric acid and succinic acid are involved. 7. Sodium Nitrite (NaNO2) It was found in the honey roast sandwich ham . Properties It is the salt of nitrous acid. It is a white to pale yellowish granular powder with salty taste. It has a high solubility in water. Utilization It is used primarily to preserve the red colour of meat. Apart from this, sodium nitrite also demonstrates antimicrobial activity. It is particularly effective against outgrowth of Clostridium botulinum, which can produce the deadly toxin, botulin. Mechanisms of action The nitrite oxidises the iron ( ) state of the muscle myoglobin to the iron ( ) state. Fe 2+ + No2- + H+Â   Fe3+ + NO + OH- The myoglobin (Mb) is converted to metamyoglobin (MMb). The resulting nitrogen oxide will react with the iron MMb to form nitrosyl metmyoglobin (MMbNO). The respiratory system of the muscle tissue will reduce MMbNO to nitrosyl myoglobin, MbNO, which is the red pigment of the uncooked bacon and ham. The antimicrobial effect, which is termed as Perigo effect , is related to the residual nitrite in ham. During cooking of the ham, much of the residual nitrite is broken down to nitrogen oxide. NO has an inhibition effect on at least one enzyme (namely pyruvate:ferrodoxin oxidoreductase), which plays an important role in the energy metabolism. Interfering activity of NO includes inhibiting oxygen uptake, oxidative phosphorylation and H+ dependent active transport. Furthermore, the uncoupler also causes collapse of proton gradient. As a result, the growth and toxin production of Clostridium botulinum is severely affected. Apart from NaNO2, Sodium nitrate is used in curing of meat to supply the nitrite. This is due to the reason that nitrite is the effective agent. NO3- + 2[H] NO2- + H2O 8. Sorbic acid (C6H8O2) It was found in cheese. Properties It is a white monocyclic crystal with a specific odour and sour taste. It will melt at 132 to 135 0C. The solubility increases with temperature. It is effective over a broad range of pH but ineffective above pH 7. Utilization It is effective against mould and yeast but only marginally effective against bacteria. This makes it very suitable as a cheese preservative because it permits the fermentation action of lactic acid bacteria. Mechanisms of action The activity of sorbic acid is very pH dependent. The un-dissociated acid constituent, which is antimicrobial, will penetrate the cell wall in order to develop action in the cell. Its action includes inhibition of various enzymes such as enolase and lactate dehydrogenase and others. One of the ways is by forming covalent bonds between its own double bonds and the SH groups of enzymes. 9. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) It was found in ready to eat apricot dried fruits. Properties SO2 is a colourless, non-combustible gas with a pungent odour. It dissolves in water to yield sulphurous acid. The density of SO2 is twice higher than that of air. Usage It is widely used in many foods and beverages as preservatives and antioxidants. Its functions include prevention of oxidation, inhibition of chemical and enzymatic reactions and the inhibition of the growth of yeasts, moulds and bacteria. It is commonly used in the form or sodium hydrogen sulphite, sodium metabisulphite, potassium metabisulphite and calcium hydrogen sulphite. Mechanisms of action In the production of dehydrated fruits, SO2 provides protection against oxidative, enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning reactions. Moreover, it also helps to delay colour changes or acts as bleaching agent. SO2 prevents enzymatic browning by inactivating the phenolases, which are mainly found in fruits and vegetables. These enzymes facilitate the conversion of colourless phenolic compounds to highly coloured quinones. Fig 1 Fig 2 In non-enzymatic browning, SO2 inhibits discoloration by blocking compounds with reactive carbonyl groups, the nonreactive hydroxy sulphonate sugar derivatives. Although SO2 itself is successful in many systems in very low concentration, combinations with other preservatives such as sorbic acid, sorbates and ascorbic acid may be more effective for browning prevention in certain foods and beverages. 10. Vitamin E It was found in vegetable fat spread. Properties It is a group of derivatives of 6-hydroxychroman carrying a phytyl side chain. There are two main groups of compound, which have vitamin E activity, the tocopherols and tocotrienols. The vitamin E content of foods is expressed as mg ? tocopherol. Therefore, vitamin E is sometimes labelled as tocopherols in the product. Utilization It functions as an antioxidant in oily and fatty foods. Rancidity of foods resulted from autoxidation of the unsaturated fatty acid is prevented. Mechanisms of action As an antioxidant, vitamin E blocks the free-radical chain reactions of lipid peroxidation. References 1. Belitz, H. D. and W. Grosch (1999) Food Chemistry, (2nd edition), Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Germany. 2. Coultate, T. P. (1996), Food: The Chemistry of Its Components, (3rd edition), Royal Society of Chemistry Paperback, Cambridge, p239-241, 247-257.

Leontyne Price, New York Met Opera Star

Leontyne Price, New York Met Opera Star Known for:  New York Metropolitan Opera soprano 1960 – 1985; one of the most popular opera sopranos of recent history, known as the first black American-born prima donna; she was the first black opera singer on televisionOccupation:  opera singerDates:  February 10, 1927 -Also known as: Mary Violet Leontyne Price Background, Family Mother: Kate Baker Price, a midwife, and singer in the church choirFather: James Price, a carpenter who also sang in the church choirHusband: William C. Warfield (married August 31, 1952, divorced 1973; opera singer) Education Central State College (formerly the College of Education and Industrial Arts), Wilberforce, Ohio.  BA, 1949Juilliard School of Music, 1949 - 1952Voice with Florence Page Kimball Leontyne Price Biography A native of Laurel, Mississippi, Mary Violet Leontyne Price pursued a singing career after graduation from college with a B.A. in 1948, where she had studied to be a music teacher. She had been inspired first to pursue singing  upon hearing a Marian Anderson concert when she was nine years old. Her parents encouraged her to learn piano and to sing in the church choir. So after graduating from college, Leontyne Price went to New York, where she studied at the Juilliard School of Music, with Florence Page Kimball guiding her as she would continue to do. Her full scholarship at Juilliard was supplemented by a generous family friend, Elizabeth Chisholm, who covered most of the living expenses. After Juilliard, she had her 1952 debut on Broadway in Virgil Thomson’s revival of Four Saints in Three Acts. Ira Gershwin, based on that performance, chose Price as Bess in a revival of  Porgy and Bess  that played New York City 1952-54 and then toured both nationally and internationally.  She married her co-star, William Warfield who played Porgy to her Bess on the tour, but they separated and later divorced. In 1955, Leontyne Price was chosen to sing the title role in a television production of  Tosca, becoming the first black singer on a television opera production. NBC invited her back for more telecasts of operas in 1956, 1957 and 1960. In 1957, she debuted in her first stage opera, the American premiere of  Dialogues of the Carmelites  by Poulenc. She performed primarily in San Francisco until 1960, appearing in Vienna in 1958 and Milan in 1960.  It was in San Francisco that she first performed in Aida which was to become a signature role; she also played that role in her second Viennese performance.  She also performed with the Chicago Lyric Opera and the American Opera Theater. Returning from a successful international tour, her debut at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York in January 1961, was as Leonora in  Il Trovatore.  The standing ovation lasted 42 minutes. Quickly becoming a leading soprano there, Leontyne Price made the Met her primary base until her retirement in 1985.  She was the fifth black singer in the Met’s opera company, and the first to really achieve stardom there. Associated especially with Verdi and Barber, Leontyne Price sang the role of  Cleopatra, which Barber created for her, at the opening of the new Lincoln Center home for the Met. Between 1961 and 1969, she appeared in 118 productions at the Metropolitan. After that, she began to say â€Å"no† to many appearances at the Metropolitan and elsewhere, her selectivity earning her a reputation as arrogant, though she said she did it to avoid overexposure. She also performed at recitals, especially in the 1970s, and was prolific in her recordings. Many of her recordings were with RCA, with whom she had an exclusive contract for two decades. After her retirement from the Met, she continued to give recitals. Books About Leontyne Price Aida: Leontyne Price, illustrated by Diane and Leo Dillon. Trade Paperback, 1997. Price retells the story of the Ethiopian princess who is sold into slavery in Egypt.Leontyne Price: Opera Superstar  (Library of Famous Women): Richard Steins, Library Binding, 1993.

How have existing fiscal mechanisms (rules and practices) tried to Essay

How have existing fiscal mechanisms (rules and practices) tried to overcome or alleviate a "tragedy of the commons" dilemma - Essay Example Practically, though, it is not easy to ascertain whether the most favorable size of government has been achieved. Although, the provision of services and public goods can promote growth, revenue-raising mechanisms and inefficient provision of services and goods can impede growth (Schick 1998, p18). Evidence from Central Asia and Europe lists factors such as fiscal consolidation and budget deficits, size of government, quality governance, and composition of taxes and expenditure as some factors that affect fiscal growth. In this regard, public fiscal systems play a huge role in economic growth of any country. Enacting a stable fiscal position need a sustainable fiscal consolidation. In most cases, these have to be recurrent. Indeed, they are largely considered as a basic characteristic of the evolution of the market. Such consolidations are undertaken across Central Asia and Europe, albeit with relative degrees of success (Berthà ©lemy & Varoudakis 1996, p72). Fiscal growth for any country would require successful financial adjustment. On the other hand, unsustainable financial consolidation is counterproductive and can sometimes discourage investor confidence since they fail to establish sound financial position for the government (Scartascini 2004, P37). Sustainable government adjustments are required to create long-lasting financial space for expenses that propagate growth. Indeed, evidence from financial bodies such as the Organization of Economic Co-operation and development suggest that make-up of financial adjustment is paramount for fiscal sustainability (Berthà ©lemy & Varoudakis 1996, p12). Consolidations, which heavily rely on, tax cuts and increases in public ventures have been unsustainable while consolidations with structural reforms in their public expenditure reforms have lasting effects and financial growth by extension. Perhaps this is

Learning Disabilities in Adult life Research Paper - 1

Learning Disabilities in Adult life - Research Paper Example t, most challenged adults suffer from depression and, hence, it is or utmost urgency to monitor behavioural and cognitive patterns (Mattek & Wierzbicki, 1998). Another aspect which needs to be examined is the impact on their health and well being as a result of such learning disabilities. This may lead to several psychological issues like aggressiveness, sadness and anxiety (Davis et al. 2009). Accordingly, researchers also have to find out the required treatment and medication in order to control the behavioural issues such adults face. In fact, scholars have proposed antipsychotics as the treatment of preference (Unwin & Deb, 2008). Such adults need to adjust to the complex environment including family, employment, recreation, daily routine and community. We need to examine the impact of the challenges that these adults face and the possible outcomes which may be displayed in their behavioural patterns (Gerber, 2011). In fact, we will further examine the challenges faced in getting employment for such adults and list out specific reasons with special reference to LD adults in the United States of America (Madaus, 2008). Lastly, we examine the success achieved in the career path for adults with learning disabilities and further monitor the remarkable adjustments conducted in behavioural and cognitive aspects by such adults (Kreshner, Kirkpatrik & McLaren, 1995). Cooper, S.A., Smiley, E., Jackson, A., Finlayson, J., Allan, L., Mantry, D., & Morrison, J. (2009). Adults with intellectual disabilities: prevalence, incidence and remission of aggressive behavior and related factors. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53(3), pp. 217-232. Davis, T.E., Nida, R.E., Zlomke, K.R., & Nebel-Schwalm, M.S. (2009). Health-related quality of life in college undergraduates with learning disabilities: the mediational roles of anxiety and sadness. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31(3), pp. 228-234. Gerber, P. J. (2011). The impact of learning

Londonstani by Gautam Malkani and Oscar in A Brief Wondrous Life of Osc

According to James Baldwin, language connects one to or divorces one from society (454). It causes the desire to be accepted by both the private world and the public world. However, acceptance cannot be achieved when both private identity and public identity are displayed at the same time. The previous statement results in complete isolation by neither displaying one’s private identity nor conforming to public identity. Another consequence of that statement is ultimate conformity by suppressing one’s private identity and true self. In the case of the protagonist in â€Å"Londonstani† by Gautam Malkani and Oscar in â€Å"A Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao† by Junot Dà ­az, their language—verbal and behavioral—reveals their isolation and conformity within their communities. Oscar de Leà ³n, the protagonist in â€Å"A Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao†, is isolated from his community because of his behavior that he neither proudly displays nor changes to meet society’s wants. Oscar comes from a very influential Dominican family. In his community, Dominican men are typically smooth talking, naturally social, and â€Å"woman-crazy† men. They rarely encounter a problem having to do with women or fitting in. Oscar, however, does not fit the generalization for Dominican men. He is more intellectually active than physically or sexually active. He stays in his room watching â€Å"Doctor who†Ã¢â‚¬â€his favorite science fiction show— and writing journal entries as opposed to chasing girls. He does not suppress his actions and neither does he change them. In his community, such behavior constitutes him as an anomaly to Dominican behavior and isolates him from those who follow the typical Dominican standard. Oscar further shows his isolation through his be... ...goes to say that each language will very well have their own public identity which will be considered a private identity to anyone who does not speak the language. When choosing to have private identity, one must realize that the public will rarely accept it. Thus, one must be willing to accept the cost of choosing such a lifestyle—isolation. Likewise, when choosing public identity, one must give up who they truly are in order to fully conform to what the public expects. As seen through the lives of Oscar and Jas, private identity and public identity will never coexist. Works Cited Dà ­az, Junot. "The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao." Rotten English: a literary anthology. By Dohra Ahmad. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2007. Malkani, Gautam. Londonstani. Rotten English: a literary anthology. By Dohra Ahmad New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2007.

Mama Thai Instant Noodle

Company Background Thai President Foods Public Company Limited  was established on February 15, 1972 with an initial registered capital of 6 million baht through a joint venture between President Enterprise Co. , Ltd. of Taiwan – providing manufacturing technology expertise and Saha Pattanaphibul Co. , Ltd. – responsible for marketing and distribution. The founding objective was to produce instant noodles under the â€Å"MAMA† brand. The Company’s first Head Offices were located on New Petchburi Road, while the first factory was inaugurated at Nong Khaem District, Bangkok. After the first year, all the shares then were transferred to Thai shareholder who remains as the major shareholder until now. The Company have been listd the Stock Exchange of Thailand and become a Public Company in 1994 with presently Registered Capital 240 million baht, comprising 18,000,000 ordinary shares, par value 10 bath per share, paid up 180 million baht. Mama Products Mama has variety of brands and products in food industry in which they separate their domestic products from export products. Mama’s main product is instant noodles under the brand name Mama is one of the most popular in Thailand as the brand has been a part in Thai market for the longest time comparing with other brands. The company had later launched many other products and brands including Homey, Bissin, Ruski, Mendake, Thai Chef, Kelly and Bamee. Under these brands, the company is able to expand its’ product lines to other kinds of food such as snacks, biscuits, fruit juice, etc. Today, Mama instant noodles have more than 20 variety of flavors which allow the company to match its exported products with each country preferences. The most famous flavor to all consumers both Thai and foreigner is Mama Shrimp Tom Yum. Mama instant noodles is also offered in vary sizes including pack 55-60 grams, pack 90 grams, bowl 60 grams, bowl 80 grams and cup. Internal Analysis Internal Analysis of Product ; Strength Cheap and Quick : Mama has low price. It’s only 5 baht per package and it uses 3 minutes for preparation. Easy to Cook : Mama is one of the foods that require low abilities of cooking. It is only pour hot water then it is ready to eat. ? Easy to Find : Mama has many distribution channels. You can easily find Mama in everywhere even in a small shop near your house or a big store. ? Many flavors : Mama has lunched many flavors to suit individually person. There are at least 20 flavors with also different type of noodles. Promotions : Mama has many promotions for their customers e. g. lucky draw for gold. ? Brand Loyalty : Mama has been introduced for 35 years. Therefore, everyone known Mama and will choose Mama as the first choice. Weaknesses Low Nutrient Mama has mostly only carbohydrate in their product. And people concern about the Monosodium Glutamate that Mama has been use in the ingredient. ? High Production Cost Recently, Mama has been face with the problem of high production cost. Internal Analysis of the Company ; Strength ? Global Network : The company has a global network and its products are sell in both Thailand and International markets. ? Reputation : The company has won the reputation as one of the most successful Thai distributors with its effective logistics system, wide distribution networks, and efficient handling services. Wide Range of Products : The company has wide range of products and can customize to serve different preferences of customers in different countries. ? Large Markets : The company’s market has expanded to many countries like North America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania with the estimated annual capacity of 100 million packages per year. Weaknesses ? Image : Because the company specially focus on MAMA so consumer only knows that this company se lls only MAMA even they produce many products besides MAMA. Exact Product Line we are going to export . Instant Noodles Artificial Tom Yum Pork Flavour 2. Instant Noodles Shrimp Creamy Tom Yum Flavour 3. Instant Noodles Shrimp Flavour (Tom Yum) Target Market Demographic: Pilipinos 15-60 years old. Geographic: Urban and Suburban area Psychological: Lower income people and those who preferred as desired. In-land Transportation In order to ship our products to Philippines, we first have to transport the products to Laem Chabang port. Mama factory is currently located in Chonburi which is only around 16 kilomaters from Laem Chabang port. As we are using the ocean shipping service from NYK, the company also offers the pick-up service from our factory to Laem Chabang port. HS code Instant Noodle: 1902. 30. 10. 00 1902: Pasta, whether or not cooked or stuffed (with meat or other substances) or otherwise prepared, such as spaghetti, macaroni, noodles, lasagna, gnocchi, ravioli, cannelloni; couscous, whether or not prepared. Custom Classification & Valuation Export Tariff structure of Thailand for instant noodles * Thailand Export Duty is exempted due to the agreement of ASEAN Import Tariff structure of Philippines for instant noodles Instant noodles that are imported goods into Philippines are levied on 1. Import Duty According to the Philippines’s custom policy, all imported goods are subjected to pay 3% of value of products. 2. Value Added Tax (VAT) According to the Philippines’s custom policy, it is 12% of the price of product. 3. Import processing fee The Philippines has import processing fees that are normally assessed against items that require review or examination, certifications, quarantine or similar services that are required upon import. Mama has food certifications which are needed to be examined for the first time exporting into Philippines. The rate of Import processing fees are as following. http://www. tariffcommission. gov. ph/cao02-2001. html Non-tariff barriers 1. Food Safety Certification In order to export â€Å"Mama† to Philippines, the certificates that the company needs to have are following. 1. 1 GMP : Good Manufacturing Practice GMP is a collection of generally recognized rules, procedures and practices that together provide a code stating what is acceptable and what is not acceptable in the Food Industry. It reflects the whole body of knowledge that has been developed by experience and scientific study in the fields of food preservation and technology and hygiene. GMP is closely linked to Quality Assurance because it is preventive in its approach. It aims to produce safe and wholesome food through well-controlled operations that avoid waste and any type of contamination. It is applied in the whole production and supply chain. 1. 2 HACCP : Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points HACCP is a preventive risk management technique designed to provide increased control and monitoring during critical stages of the food processing chain. It is a systematic and scientific approach of identifying food safety hazards along the manufacturing process flow and supply chain, setting limits or specifications, establishing controls and monitoring and then documenting results. Safety hazards precluded by this system are not only biological, microbiological and chemical hazards but also hidden allergens, physical contaminants such as dangerous foreign bodies and radiological contaminants. . 3 BRC Global Standard The BRC Global Standards are a leading global safety and quality certification programme. The BRC Global Standards are widely used by suppliers and global retailers. They facilitate standardization of quality, safety, operational criteria and manufacturers’ fulfillment of legal obligations. They also help provide protection to the consumer. 1. 4 ISO 9001 ISO 900 1 is an international standard that gives requirements for an organization’s quality management system (QMS). The requirements cover a wide range of topics, including supplier’s top management commitment to quality, its customer focus, adequacy of its resources, employee competence, process management (for production, service delivery and relevant administrative and support processes), quality planning, product design, review of incoming orders, purchasing, monitoring and measurement of tis processes and products, calibration of measuring equipment, processes to resolve customer complaints, corrective/preventive actions and a requirement to drive continual improvement of the QMS. Also, there is a requirement for supplier to monitor customer perceptions about the quality of the goods and service it provides. 2. Packaging According to mandatory label information, the label on packaging of foods exporting to Philippines should bear the following information. 1. ) Name of the Food : The name should indicate the true nature of the food and shall normally be specified and not generic†¦ 2. List of Ingredients : A complete list of ingredients should be declared in descending order of proportion on either the principal display panel or information panel except that when a food product is covered by a Food Standard, only the optional ingredients shall be declared unless otherwise required by such regulation†¦ 3. ) Net Contents and Drained Weight : The net content should be declared using the metric system of measurement or â€Å"SI† (International System of Units) on either the principal display panel or the information panel and in line generally para llel to the base of the package. . ) Name and address of Manufacturer, Packer and Distributor : The name and address of either the manufacturer, packer or distributor of the food should be declared on the label. 5. ) Lot Identification : The lot identification code shall be embossed or otherwise permanently marked on immediate individual packages or containers. PEST : Philippines 1. Political & Legal Environment 1. 1 Import tariff : There is no tariff of instant noodle product between Thailand and Philippines because of the ASIAN contract. Normally they charged 7% tariff restriction for noodles. 1. Free Trade Agreement : Philippines has join ASEAN as free trade agreement. 1. 3 Political System : Democracy modeled on the U. S. system 2. Economic Environment 2. 1 Market Size (Population): Total Population in Philippines is 92. 2 million people. The target consumer age 16-24 is around 61. 1% of total population in the country (male 31,103,967/ female 31,097,203). The annual population growth rate 2. 04% per year. 2. 2 GDP growth rate: GDP (2011 estimate): $188. 7 billion. Annual growth rate (2011 estimate): 7. 3%. GDP per capita is $2,007. 2. 3 Number of hypermarket and supermarket : Philippines has 192 Malls and Shopping Centers, 248 groceries, and 66 convenience stores. These are a lot of numbers of ways to sell and expand our noodles to Philippines. Especially for the groceries where they usually sell instant noodles in. Most of them are Greenfield groceries which use the owner name as the shop name. 2. 4 Import Volume : Total value of imports for the country is US$59. 9 billion. Primary imports products are electronic products, mineral fuels, machinery and transport equipment, iron and steel, textile fabrics, grains, chemicals, plastic. Primary imports partners are Japan (12. 5 percent of total imports), US (12 percent), China (8. percent), Singapore (8. 7 percent), South Korea (7. 9 percent), Taiwan (7. 1 percent), Thailand (5. 7 percent). In Thailand we import instant noodles from Philippines at USD$ 26,454,000 value. 2. 5 Export Volume : Total value of exports: US$50. 72 billion. Primary exports – commodities: semiconductors and electronic products, transport equipment , garments, copper products, petroleum products, coconut oil, fruits. Primary exports partners: US (17. 6 percent of total exports), Japan (16. 2 percent), Netherlands (9. 8 percent), Hong Kong (8. 6 percent), China (7. 7 percent), Germany (6. 5 percent), Singapore (6. percent), South Korea (4. 8 percent). In Thailand we export instant noodles to Philippines at USD 27,933,000 value. 3. Social Environment 3. 1 Geographic Distance (from Thailand) : The distance between Thailand and Philippines are 2,215 kilometers away. 3. 2 Consumer eating habits : Philippines people love to eat. Since people are kind and hospitality, food is important of their social life. Rice is the main component as usual in Asia countries. They eat three meals a day plus 2 snacks in between. The ingredients of the food they like to eat are usually contain salt and remain fresh. They commonly use spoon and folk as an equipment to eat. Some local people they still use hand to eat. 3. 3 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) : The Environmental Performance Index of Myanmar is now scored 65. 7at ranked 50th. 4. Technological Environment 4. 1 Infrastructure (Seaport) : Since the Philippines country is island, there are 19 Seaports available in the country. We can choose the appropriate location to export the instant noodles. Most of them meet the standard quality so we make sure that there won’t have much problem about the facilities and procedures. 4. Infrastructure (Roads &Highways) : The road and highways in Philippines are most likely the same as in Thailand. They spent adequate budget to improve the road systems every year. The route of the cities and houses around the country are all connected. The raod quality is great. We can transport the product within the country by using car or truck with no problems. 4. 3 Infrastructure (Telecommunication) : I n Philippines the communication system is quite perfect. The telephone system is provided to every houses. The internet, FAX, mails and other communication tools are provided. O (opportunities)| T (Threats)| P (Political)| ASEAN trade member| There are import tariff (3%)and VAT (12%)| E (Economic)| – Large market size (3rd largest in ASEAN)- Highest GDP growth rate in ASEAN- Various convenience stores& department stores| There are only few big shopping malls in the country but there are large numbers of small grocery stores. So, it will be difficult for us to distribute the products in the country. | S (Social)| Same eating habitat as Thai| | T(Technology)| Highly developed of telecommunication system| Moderate infrastructure of transportation| PEST : Thailand 1. Political & Legal Environment 1. 1 Import tariff : There is no tariff of instant noodle product between Thailand and Philippines because of the ASIAN contract. Normally they charged 7% tariff restriction for noodles. 1. 2 Free Trade Agreement : Thailand has join ASEAN as free trade agreement. 1. 3 Political System : Democracy;The politics of Thailand is currently conducted within the framework of a constitutional monarchy, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government and a hereditary monarch is head of state. 2. Economic Environment 2. Market Size (Population): Total Population in Thailand is 66. 7 million people. The target consumer age 15-64 years: 70. 9% of total population (male 23,410,091/female 23,913,499). The annual population growth rate 0. 566% per year. 2. 2 GDP growth rate: GDP (2011 estimate): $616. 783 billion. Annual growth rate (2011 estimate): 9%. GDP per capita is $9,598. 2. 3 Number of hypermarket and supermarket : Thailand has 297 Malls and Shopping Centers all over provinces. These are a lot of numbers of ways to sell and expand our noodles in Thailand. 2. 4 Import Volume :Total value of imports: US$156. billion – Primary imports – commodities: capital goods, intermediate goods and raw – materials, consumer goods, fuels – Primary imports partners: Japan (18. 7 percent of total imports), China (12. 7 percent), Malaysia (6. 4 percent) 2. 5 Export Volume : Total value of exports: US$191. 3 billion – Primary exports – commodities: textiles and footwear, fishery products, rice, rubber, jewelry, automobiles, computers and electrical appliances – Primary exports partners: US (10. 9 percent of total exports), China (10. 6 percent), Japan (10. 3 percent) 2. 6 Exchange Rate : 1 baht = 1. 3832 pesos This currency chart displays the value of the  Philippine peso  in relation to 1  Thai baht  (PHP/THB) over a 6-month period. To view the currency graph over different time period please click the links below the chart. | 5-Day| 7-Day| 10-Day| 14-Day| 1-Month| 3-Month| 6-Month| 9-Month| 1-Year| 2-Year| 5-Year| 10-Year| 3. Social Environment 3. 1 Geographic Distance (from Thailand) : The distance between Thailand and ? Philippines are 2,215 kilometers away. 3. 2 Consumer eating habits : All types of food items are used by Thai people and they are also conscious about their health. They used to eat all dairy products, poultry products, eat, chicken, seafood, vegetables, fruits and grain products. Here are some famous dished of Thailand that people love to prepare and eat frequently. Thai pad Som tum Tom yum goong Tom kha kai Pad kaprao Moo satay 3. 3 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) : The Environmental Performance Index of? Myanmar is now scored 62. 2at ranked 12th in Asia -Pacific. 4. Technological Environment 4. 1 Infrastructure (Seaport) : Thailand seaport are fully equipped with many technology machines. We can able to move or transfer the cargo around the port. The areas are big and clean. The security system and safety are very great. There is a lot of private service to help provide facilities to us. The port also has general warehouses that we can keep our product or good, distribution centers, road and railway network system which connects every part of the country. Furthermore, the port provides significant utilities such as electricity, water and land lines throughout the whole port. 4. 2 Infrastructure (Roads &Highways) : The road and highways in Thailand are good. Total road network includes motorways, highways, and main or national roads, secondary or regional roads, and all other roads in a country. 4. Infrastructure (Telecommunication) : In Thailand the communication system is quite moderate. Daily Newspaper,Telephone,Mobile,3G,Internet, FAX, mails and other communication tools are provided. Thailand | O (opportunities)| T (Threats)| P (Political)| Thailand is always willing to promote the exportation in order to bring more wealth to the country. Thai government will support us and help us to export our product to the Philippine. Some advice or tax reduction or premium we might gain from the government. | Thailand and Philippine don’t do the business together much if we compare to other countries. Trust will be needed and bank guarantee should be the appropriate method. | E (Economic)| Thailand has a great number of cultivated area and be able to produce at very low cost. | As thai baht has been lately appreciated against pesos, this make our products more expensive to Pilipino people. | S (Social)| | The effect of major flooding in Thailand affect a lot to agriculture and maybe next year there will be a flood happen in Thailand again. | T(Technology)| Today, social network is very useful for the marketing purpose. We can bring the awareness of our product in less cost. The oil price in Thailand is going up especially diesel which can increase the transportation's cost within country. | Five Forces Analysis : Philippines 1. Rivalry Among Current Competitors (High) From our research, the market in the Philippines now having various brands of instant noodles sell in the country. Those brands are produce in the country and some were imported from other countries. Lucky me brand i s seems to be the biggest brand that earn a lot of market shares in Philippines. In the Philippines there are a lot of groceries and convenience stores where usually instant noodles have been sold. In each stores sell many kinds of instant noodles. Customer can choose the one they like easily. Each brand uses different promotions and different method to sell and present their products. This will challenge us, Mama Company, to think of new strategy in order to sell the product in Philippines. 2. Bargaining Power of Suppliers (Not our concern) For this type of industry, they mostly have ordered the ingredients and produced in the same place. The floor and other materials come from same factory. This type of factory are not much seen in the country because ostly the instant noodles product are imported (produced in other countries). So, the bargaining power of suppliers in Philippines are tend to be high. It is not not a good idea if we choose to produce the product in Philippines. Since we are doing the export method this should not be a problem. 3. Bargaining Power of Customers (Low) Even though there are a lot of instant noodle brands sell in the country. The price range is lik ely the same numbers. This price range tends to be fixed and most of stores in the market use this price range (From 1 USD to 2 USD). Customers can not bargain the price much because the prices are the same. If they are not satisfied with the price, they still have to buy it because every stores sell at the same prices. There are few well-known shopping malls in The Philippines. Convenience stores is tend to be more popular among the customers. In every area, city and local, there will be small groceries in each village. These small convenience stores or groceries buy the instant noodles product from shopping mall and sell it again in their own stores. EDSA CentralJTC Mall in Bantay, Ilocos Sur. Southway SquareStarMall And many convenience stores and groceries 4. Threat of Substitute Products or Services (High) As we already know instant noodles are easily cooked and can eat instantly in few minutes. This type of product has different features and brands. These could be cereals breakfast, tea, coffee, cream soup, joke, and many others that can be easily cooked instantly. 5. Threat of New Entrance (Moderate) Since there are many goods (instant noodles) imported from many countries. Most of them are in the trade agreement that concern the surplus and reduce the tax between countries. Especially the ASEAN trade agreement that pay very little tax or no tax to export the instant noodles into Philippines. For those who are not in the trade agreement, Philippines charge 10% tax rate and it would be very hard to those new comer to survive in the Philippines market. Competitor Positioning Low Price Low Price Payless Payless Quick Chow Quick Chow Lucky Me Lucky Me Quality Quality Market Share Market Share Mama Mama Various Tastes Various Tastes Explanation Our company, Mama, currently have many types of tastes and the production cost is low so the price is not high. Lucky Me has been in the Philippines market for a long time. They have a lot of market share in the country. Payless is expert in selling price. They sell the product at low price and have some market share. Quick Chow is in the middle of everything. SWOT Analysis Strengths * Cheap and Quick : Mama has low price. It’s only 5 baht per package and it uses 3 minutes for preparation. * Easy to Cook : Mama is one of the foods that require low abilities of cooking. It is only pour hot water then it is ready to eat. * Easy to Find : Mama has many distribution channels. You can easily find Mama in everywhere even in a small shop near your house or a big store. * Many flavors : Mama has lunched many flavors to suit individually person. There are at least 20 flavors with also different type of noodles. * Promotions : Mama has many promotions for their customers e. g. lucky draw for gold. * Brand Loyalty : Mama has been introduced for 35 years. Therefore, everyone known Mama and will choose Mama as the first choice. Weaknesses * Image : Because the company specially focus on MAMA so consumer only knows that this company sells only MAMA even they produce many products besides MAMA. Opportunities * Since Philippines and Thailand are in the ASEAN trade member, There is no tariff collected when doing export-import business. Philippines has a lot of seaport and also has good facilities to export our product by shipment. * People eating habits in the Philippines are likely to consume noodles type quite often. * The current tastes of instant noodles in Philippines are not various enough. If we introduce new tastes of the product, we might success and earn lots of market share. * Thailand is always willing to promote the exp ortation in order to bring more wealth to the country. Thai government will support us and help us to export our product to the Philippine. Some advice or tax reduction or premium we might gain from the government. Thailand has a great number of cultivated area and be able to produce at very low cost. * Today, social network is very useful for the marketing purpose. We can bring the awareness of our product in less cost. Threats * Philippines currently has a lot of instant noodle brands. It would be serious competition n the market. * As the government of Philippines encourages foreign company to come and invest in the country, it would be easy for other competitors to enter into the market. * Philippines has a lot of stores in the country, many small one, The delivery system of flowing our product within the country might face a potential complex. Thailand and Philippine don’t do the business together much if we compare to other countries. Trust will be needed and bank guara ntee should be the appropriate method. * As thai baht has been lately appreciated against pesos, this make our products more expensive to Pilipino people. * The effect of major flooding in Thailand affect a lot to agriculture and maybe next year there will be a flood happen in Thailand again. * The oil price in Thailand is going up especially diesel which can increase the transportation's cost within country. Demand Situation Currently in Philippines has a lot of instant noodle brands sell in the country. Which means Pilipinos like to consume noodles very often? All kind of food related Noodles is seems to be the main dish of Philippine people. In today instant noodle production has contribute more ingredients, vitamins, various of taste, and other food enrichments. People would like to consume it more not because only it is cheap but also have qualities and benefits. Another factor is that the trend of Korean TV shows that show about the Korean teenagers like to eat instant noodles more often. It makes a huge impact around Asia to boost the sales of instant noodles up high. In Philippines the demand of the instant noodle product are increasing everyday due to the variety of brands provide to them. Some people want to try new taste different from the local traditional taste. If we export our instant noodle products to the country with new feature taste that different from the current taste that already sell in the Philippine. Focus on the young customers who like to be adventurous and want to try new things. Rank| Country| 2007| 2008| 2009| Total| 9| Philippines| 24. 8| 25. 0| 25. 5| 27. 0| 13| Malaysia| 11. 8| 12. 1| 12. 0| 12. 2| 26| Singapore| 1. 2| 1. 3| 1. 3| 1. 2| Sales Contact Agreement Number: 1234a55b Date: 08/03/2012 [date of acceptance and legal agreement number] This sales agreement is committed between: Thai President Foods Public Company Limited. And SM Investments Corporation. INCOTERM: CIF Port of Bangkok Incoterm 2010 Term of Payment: Documentary Letter of Credit, Time Draft Price of the goods: S$1 Sales organization details: Name: Thai President Foods Public Company Limited Address: 304 TF Bldg. , Srinakarin Rd. , Huamark, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240 Thailand. Factory: Sahapat Group Industrial Park, 601 Sukapiban 8 Rd. , Nongkarm, Sri Racha, Cholburi 20232 Thailand. Phone Number: Telephone  : (662) 374-4730  Fax :  (662) 374-7743 Buyer organization details: Name: SM Hypermarket Address: Building E, SM Corporate Office 1000 Bay Boulevard Central Business Park Pasay Metro Manila Philippines Contact number: +6328311212 Whereas, the buyer is interested to buy the following products from the seller organization 1. Instant Noodles Artificial Tom Yum Pork Flavour 2. Instant Noodles Shrimp Creamy Tom Yum Flavour 3. Instant Noodles Shrimp Flavour (Tom Yum) The seller organization will receive $_________ [money in the local currency] on every purchase as the buyer organization has already received $___________ as advance amount. This sales agreement is commencing on 17/08/2012 and is ending on 16/08/2017. [Give required dates] Both the organizations will follow the given terms: – Importers are required to source products from regulated establishments. The food is produced under proper sanitary conditions. – Traders and manufacturers adhere to quality assurance procedures that are acceptable to the AVA (Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority of Singapore). – AVA demands the importers to submit certified-true-copy documents from the food safety authority of the country of origin certifying that the imported food product is produced by licensed or regulated premises. Validation of the sales agreement by both the organizations: Signature of the Seller organization: ___________ Singed by the buyer organization: ____________ [approved by both the parties] Incoterm CIF (Port of Manila) INCOTERMS 2010 Cost , Insurance and Freight (CIF) Exporters have to pay the transportation costs and freight cost that are required to bring the goods or the product from the factory at beginning to the named port of destination (Port of Manila). More ever, Exporter (us) is also required to find and buy insurance against the buyer's risk of loss or damage to the products (Mama) during sea transportation. Furthermore, the exporter is required to clear the goods for export custom as well. * Our company (Mama) will prepare all the documents that are needed for clearing export procedures, and deliver the goods to the reach the port of origin. * Our company will load the finished goods from the factory in Sriracha, Chonburi into our own trucks and give all prepared documents with them for export clearing purpose. * When trucks reach the custom clearing point at the port, do the export custom clearing with all prepared documents to let the goods go into the harbor. Then we follow all the export procedures to get our products or containers into Laem chabang port. * The products will ship to port of Manila along with insurance that we pay. Reasons to choose this CIF INCOTERMS The reason why we choose CIF incoterm method for export our product to the Philippine because Ports Port of Shipping Laem Chabang Port We choose Laem Chabang port as the main port to send the product, instant noodles, a nd export to Philippines port. Laem Chabang port is elected to be the main major seaport in Thailand for years and it is also Thailand’s largest port. It is Deep-water port and used for international importation and exportation. It is located between Laem Chabang distinct, Amphoe Sriracha and Amphoe Bang Lamung in Chonburi province Thailand. This port is under control by Port Authority of Thailand in overall management. Private firms are responsible for the activities process. This port is first open in 2534 and was fully supported by Thailand Government all along. Leam Chabang port can handle or has ships or vessels come to port around 8,118 ships. The areas around Leam Chabang port are being developed to be economic area of the country. The area that being developed are housing, utilities, communications, transportation, industry, and government center. In 2005 Laem Chabang port was order to be the 20th busiest port in the word. Many of the international shipping come in and out of Thailand will go through this Laem Chabang port. Leam Chabang Port has many sub-port and they was separated into 4 main zones; -Zone A -Zone B -Zone C -Zone D -Others Factors why we choose this port 5. Location Mama instant noodle has 3 factories which are located at Rayoong, Lumpoon, and Sriracha. Especially the factory in Sriracha is very near to Laem Chabang port. So it is very easily to transport the product or goods by in-land from the factory through the Laem Chabang port. 6. Facilities and equipment Surely, Laem Chabang port is the main port that mostly used in Thailand. This port is fully equipped with many technology machines. We can able to move or transfer the cargo around the port. The areas are big and clean. The security system and safety are very great. There is a lot of private service to help provide facilities to us. The port also has general warehouses that we can keep our product or good, distribution centers, road and railway network system which connects every part of the country. Furthermore, the port provides significant utilities such as electricity, water and land lines throughout the whole port. List of facilities in Laem Chabang port 7. Provincial Office of Chonburi – Public Relations Office of Chonburi – Chonburi Transportation Station – City Council of Chonburi – Local Police Station (Pattaya) – Local Police Station (Bang Lamung) – Tourist Police – Tourist Police (Jom Tien) – Tourist Police (Pattaya) – Bangkok-Chonburi Hospital – Eak-Chol Hospital – Bang-La-Mung Hospital – Many banks ; Bank of Ayudhya included – Courier express – Accommodation 8. Service We can say that Laem Vhabang port has a one stop service. Many of private and government firms in the port provide different service and cover all port activities. There is custom burean in the port that take care about the documents and also many private firms have helping service for us to prepare the document and give advice. Laem Chabang open 24 hours a day and 7 days a week: that’s mean the port opens all the time. The port has skillful and experienced employees, truck services, vessel routes, train schedule, shipping lines, forwarders, and many other more. The port also has an efficient website that provides understanding information and contacts. Port of Destination Manila Port, Philippine The Port of Manila is the largest seaport in the Philippines. It is widely used as the main port of all international shipping gateways to the Philippine. The port is located in the vicinity of Manila Bay. The Port of Cagmat is another name of this port for local and it is also known as Manila International Cargo Terminal. This port is operated by International Container Terminal Services Inc. This port is recognized as one of Asia’s major seaports and one of the Philippine most active port with full of activities every day. In 2005, port of Manila was list as 31st the world most active port. Manila is also the Philippine country’s main economic, cultural, and political center because Manila is the capital city and has the highest population. -Port of Manila has 3 major areas. 1. Manila North (seaport code MNN) 2. Manila South (MNS) 3. Manila (MNL) Port Location Map 9. Quick fact Summary information Port Location:    Manila Port Name:    Port of Manila Port Authority:    Philippine Ports Authority, PDO Manila/Northern Luzon Address:    PNR Building South Harbor Manila Philippines Phone:    527-44-14 Fax:    527-44-14 Email:    [email  protected] com. ph Web Site:    www. ppa. com. ph Latitude:    14 ° 31’ 27† N Longitude:    120 ° 56’ 57† E UN/LOCODE:    PHMNL Port Type:    Seaport Port Size:    Very Large Factors why we choose this port 10. Reliable This port is very popular and has been trusted by many countries. The Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) who control and manage the port promise to provide reliable services, sustaining the development of port communities and the environment. The Philippine Ports Authority’s priority objectives are include of establishing, developing, regulating, managing, and operating a national port system that supports trade and development for the nation of the Philippines. To meet these goals, the PPA will make adjustment at least ten ports by the year 2010, improve port services, reduce costs for port customers, corporative between ports and communities, development and operation, and provide a working environment to improve productivity and job satisfactions. 11. Location Manila is the capital city. It implies the highest population city in Philippine. It will be a perfect place to enter our product to the market. This city has many distribution channel including Macro; where we going to send our cargo to. So this port is quite near to the destination location. 12. Facilities With no doubt, port of Manila is the largest and busiest port in Philippine. This port serves a total of 5325 vessels for both foreign and domestic. The entrance to the Bay of Manila is 19 Km wide and it will expand to 48 Km in the future so, the vessels could easily reach the port. The Port of Manila International Cargo Terminal (MICT) also help developing the facilities on the port. The company (MICT) is responsible for managing, operating, and administrating the Port of Manila. They are planning, developing, and constructing better facilities; supplying all equipment,handling more capacity, and controlling the system. Term of Payment Method of Payment : Documentary Letter of Credit (L/C) 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 2 2 4 4 8 7 8 7 7 7 6 6 5 5 Custom Shipper Custom Shipper Shipper Shipper Custom Shipper Custom Shipper Shipper Shipper 3 1 3 1 1 1 Issuing Bank Issuing Bank Advising Bank Advising Bank Exporter Exporter Importer Importer 9 9 10 10 1. Negociation in sales contact. 2. Send request to open L/C together with sending all documents required. 3. After bank verify the correctness of the documents, issue L/C and transfer to Advising bank. 4. Advising bank notifies the exporter the presence of L/C. 5. Exporter makes a shipping reservation. 6. Shipper sends export document to custom. 7. Receive mate’s receipt once product is on broad. Exchange mate’s receipt for Bill of Lading with shipper. 8. Documents collection as agreed. 9. Export sends documents for payment to advising bank. 10. Advising bank confirms documents and receives payment. 11. Advising bank sends documents and requests for reimbursement. 12. Issuing bank checks document and requests payment. 13. Importer makes a payment and documentation. 14. Reimbursement 15. Importer exchanges B/L for delivery order (D/O). 16. Shipper shows D/O for goods shipped to custom. Document needed * Draft or Bill of Exchange * Commercial Invoice, Packing List, Bill of Lading * Certificate of Origin, Insurance policy, License (if any) * Certificate of Health, Certificate of Analysis * Certificate of Inspection, etc * Insurance Certificate, Commercial, Official or Legal Documents (for shipping) Reasons for choosing this term of payment As we will export a large amount of goods to the foreign company as well as this is the first time that we do business with this company, using â€Å"Documentary Letter of Credit† will reduce the commercial risk or the risk of not being paid. This is because, for the first of doing business, there will be low trust of buyer’s credit and high risk that importer or buyer might not pay for the goods. Therefore, we choose â€Å"Irrevocable Letter of Credit, Time Draft (60 days)† to reduce risk. By using irrevocable letter of credit, issuing bank will be the one who is responsible for importers’ obligations toward exporters under the specified term and conditions and commit themselves not be able to make amendment without consensus from all parties related. Cable / Swift charges for LC opening| THB 1,000 for the first page, THB 300 for the other pages| THB1,000 (Max. pages, Next pages = 500/page)| Asia, Australia, % NZ: THB 500 Middle East, US, Europe, Africa ; Rest of the world: THB 800 With attached sheet: THB 400 per attached sheet Others: THB 400| L/C amendment | In case increase in amount or extension of validity date : ? % of opening amount for validity of each 90 days (1 period), fraction of month w ill be treated as one period (Minimum THB 500) Other cases: THB 500| Increase Amount – 0. 5% of incresing amounts (min. THB1,000. 00), Extend validity if exceed 1 period – THB 500 per item| Increase of L/C amount:0. 25% of additional amount per period (90 days) or part thereof min. THB 1,000 Extension of L/C validity: 0. 25% of opening amount per period (90 days) or part thereof min. THB 1,000| Cable / Swift charges for LC amendment| THB 500 per item| THB 500 per item| THB 400/item| Revolving L/C comission| ? of opening amount upon L/C times amount of time for revolving (Minimum THB 1,000)| 0. 25% per quarter or part thereof with a minimum of THB 1,000| 0. 25% of opening amount per period (90 days)or part thereof min. THB1,000 | Standby L/C comission| N/A| Morethan 2. 5% per annum or part thereof with a minimum of THB 300| 1. 5 – 2. 5 % per annum min. THB 1,000| Kasikorn Bank Kasikorn Bank Bangkok Bank Bangkok Bank Bank of Ayudhaya Bank of Ayudhaya Postage (Cour ier Charges) | N/A| Asia, EU and USA: THB 500 except China, Laos and Cambodia: THB 700| THB300. 0 for 1st envelope, additional charge of THB100. 00 per additional envelope | Reasons for choosing Kasikorn Bank 1. Kasikorn Bank provides the services of Cable/Swfit charges for L/C opening, Cable/Swift charges for L/C amendment,Standby L/C and postage fee at the rate cheaper than other banks. 2. Kasikorn Bank has professional staff, innovative technology and worldwide network that will enhance our international transaction easily and smoothly. 3. Kasikorn Bank got the award of Best Trade Finance Providers 2011 for the fourth consecutive year (2008-2011). This guarantees that it provides good international trade services. 4. Kasikorn bank got the award of Best Bank (Thailand) for the second consecutive year (2010-2011). This guarantees that the bank is realiable and trustable. 5. Kasikorn Bank provides a lot of information towards its services on the internet. So, the customer can find the information about the fee, procedure and document needed of services easily and conveniently. 6. Kasikorn Bank has K-BIZ contact center that provides business information for 24 hours. So, we can contact the bank anywhere anytime when we need information, advice or when we have a problem regarding our business. In addition, the K-BIZ staff are well-trained. So, we can be sure that we will get comprehensive and accurate answers or advice. Trade Finance Services 1. Export L/C Advising Kbank acts on behalf of the beneficiary in receiving the L/C issued by the overseas issuing bank. The bank will check the apparent authenticity of the L/C before notifying and delivering it to the beneficiary. Documents Needed 1. Letter of Credit agreed upon by both sellers and buyers. 2. Pro forma invoice 3. Application form for amendment of letter of Credit Procedure for Export L/C Advising 13. After receiving the L/C from the issuing bank in overseas, the bank will check its apparent authenticity. 14. Kbank notifies exporter of the arrival of the original L/C. 15. Before picking up the original L/C at any  Corporate ; SME Service Center, exporter have to pay for the L/C advising fees. 16. It is recommended that exporter has to review all terms and conditions specified in the L/C. If they are not comply with the terms and conditions as agreed with the importer, exporter is required to notify the importer to amend those conditions in the L/C. By using export L/C advising from Kbank, we can receive the authenticated L/C within 3 hours after Kbank receives it by SWIFT Message from the issuing bank in overseas and a copy L/C will be delivered to us in advance by facsimile or email to allow us to prepare export documents in advance. So, it’s more convenient for us to do the international transaction. 1. L/C Confirmation L/C Confirmation is the service that the bank, Kbank, add confirmation on the letter of credit received from the oversea issuing bank which allows adding confirmation and the beneficiary in the L/C request it to do so. The bank will add confirmation on full amount, not on partial amount, and effect payment to the beneficiary upon receipt of conforming documents provided that all terms and conditions have been complied with the L/C’s. Documents Needed 1. Application for L/C confirmation 2. Original L/C and amendment L/C (if any) Procedure  for L/C Confirmations . Exporter ( the beneficiary in L/C) submits an application for L/C confirmation alongwith the original L/C and the amendment of L/C (if any) to Kbank. 2. The bank will examine the application form, conditions in the L/C and credit rating and country rating of the issuing bank. 3. If all criteria is met, the bank will collect all confirmation charges and other expenses from the beneficiary. 4. A letter of confirmation and the original L/C will be delivered to  the beneficiary. 5. The bank, then, inform the issuing bank of the adding confirmation without delay. By using this service, we will have more security in receiving payment under L/C, Kbank will serve us with L/C confirmation with their professional and experienced staffs. Therefore, it is more reliable and secure than using only Export L/C advising. 2. Export Collection under L/C Kbank acts as the nominated bank authorized by the L/C issuing bank to collect payment from the L/C issuing bank in a foreign country by sending the documents for collection under L/C provided that all terms and conditions have been complied with L/C. Documents Needed 1. Application for Negotiation/Discount of Export Bills Drawn Under Letter of Credit. 2. Original L/C and amendment L/C (if any). 3. Other documents stipulated in the L/C. Procedure  for Export L/C Collection 1. Kbank receives the export documents submitted by the beneficiary, then check for the complying presentation. 2. Notify the beneficiary of checking result. 3. Send the documents to the issuing bank for collection. Also, tracking payment (as the case may be). 4. Upon receipt of payment, inform the beneficiary and remit proceeds to the beneficiary’s account. By using this service, we can be more assured of receiving payment under L/C. Moreover, the documents will be checked by professional and experienced staff. Also, they will be re-checked by CDCS or Certified Documentary Credit Specialists. As a result, we can operate our export business smoothly and confidently. Custom Export Clearance Procedure in Thailand Generally, the export clearance processes include 4 stages: 1. Submission of a Declaration: The export procedures start when an exporter/broker submits an Export Declaration in ebXML message to the e-Customs system. 2. Verification of a Declaration: The second stage is automated verification of the Declaration. As soon as the e-Customs system receives the Export Declaration data, such data is preliminary validated. In cases where the validated data contains no error, the Goods Declaration number is generated in conjunction with the e-Payment system (if export taxes and duties are applicable. ). The response message, then, is transmitted to the exporter/broker. In addition, the selectivity profile system will validate the transmitted data and classify the Goods Declaration into two categories: Green Line and Red Line. . Payment of Duties and Taxes: The third stage is payment of applicable duties and taxes and/or guarantee. There are currently 3 means for payment of export duties and taxes: payment at the Customs Department, payment via e-Payment system, and payment at banks. 4. Inspection and Release of Cargo: The last stage is to inspect and finally release cargo from Customs custody. At this stage , a freight forwarder loads cargo into containers and electronically sends a cargo control report to the e-Customs system. The e-Customs system validates the data, and reports any error for immediate online correction. If no error is found, the cargo control report number is automatically generated by the system and the response message is sent to the freight forwarder and the exporter/broker. The freight forwarder then prints out the cargo control report with its number and removes the cargo to the port of exit. At this stage, the Customs officer at a sub-gate checks whether the declaration is a Red Line or a Green Line. 4. 1  In case of the green line,the Declaration is cleared within a few minutes. After the cargo is exported, a shipping company/agent is required to submit, the manifest information to the e-Customs   system. The system then automatically loads the Goods Declaration and transmits the response message back to the exporter/broker. 4. 2  In case of the red line, the cargo is removed for physical inspection. Documents needs 1. Export Declaration 2. Invoice 3. Export License (if applicable) 4. Other relevant documents such as catalogue, product ingredients, etc. Example of Documents Custom Import Clearance Procedure in Philippines Documents required in all shipments to the Philippines * Commercial Invoice * Bill of Lading or Airway Bill for air shipments * Certificate of Origin, if requested * Packing List Applicable special certificates required due to the nature of goods being shipped/requested by importer/bank/letter of credit clause, such as the Bureau of Food   and Drugs (BFAD) license * Commercial Invoice of Returned Philippine Goods and Supplemental Declaration on   Valuation * For Letter of Credit (L/C) Transaction, a duly accomplished Letter of Credit (L/C)   including Proform a Invoice and Import Entry Declaration for Advance Customs Import   Duty (ACID) * For non-L/C Transactions, either Draft Documents against Acceptance (D/A),   Documents Against Payment (D/P), Open Account (OA) or self-funded, a Proforma Invoice Example of Documents Container * Type of Cargo and Container Size: Container| Interior Dimension| Door Opening| Tare Weight| Cubic Capacity| Payload| 20’ Dry Container| L:5. 919m 19’ 5† W:2. 340m 7’ 8† H:2. 380m 7’ 9 ? †| W:2. 286m 7’ 6† H:2. 278m 7’ 5 ? †| 1,900 kg 4,189 lbs. | 33. 0 cbm 1,116 cu. Ft. | 22,100 kg 48,721 lbs| As our products can be packed in cases, they are classified to be general cargo and can be stuffed in containers. Our products to be exported to Philippines will be sold throughout the country, we believe that the demand of the whole country with a huge number of population like Philippines is sufficient for us to fill up the whole container, meaning that we can use full cargo load. Our products do not require any special container, the normal general purpose container or dry cargo of 20’ft is sufficient to keep the products safely while transporting them from Thailand to Philippines. One 20 footer container can fit 360 cartons, one carton contains 6 boxes of 30 packs. Totally one container can fit 68,400 pack of Mama. * Container Transport Status: In order to deliver the products to Philippines, we have to use the combination of transportation modes that includes land and ocean transportation. The products will be placed in the container and taken from our factory by using the container truck or line haul to transport them to the port. At the port, the products then will be moved from the truck onto the container ship which will transport our products from the port of Thailand to the port of Philippines and again the products will be taken of the ship and placed on the container truck and deliver them to the distribution of our customers in Philippines. The most suitable container transport status for us is FCL/FCL. We as the only one seller deliver products by using full container load from Thailand and export to only one buyer in Philippines which is SM Hyper Market. To keep the products safe and in the best condition, we have to use the right method of packaging and cargo unitization which are mention below. Freight Forwarder As our products are shipped from Thailand to Philippines which are already a normal and often travelled route, we can save our cost by using the service from conference line vessel or the so called†Liners†. By using these liners, the service is cheaper than to use the non-conference vessels or charter ships. The rates are fixed and standardized, the schedule is also strictly followed which allow us to deliver our products to customers at the expectable time. The company that we use for ocean transportation is NYK and the route is FTS (Far East Thailand Service) which serves from Laem Chabang pass by Port of Manila to Busan. The turnaround day for the service route is 21 days. The total fee for ocean transportation is 765 USD which includes 730 USD for the service fee plus with 35 USD fuel fee which is calculated to be roughly around 23,532 Baht. Insurance Company As we are using CIF Incoterm 2010, we are responsible for all the risks of lost or damages occur during the inland transportation from our factory to Laem Chabang port and we are assigned to purchase the insurance to cover any risks of lost and damages occur during the ocean shipment from Laem Chabang port to Port of Manila. We selected Dhipaya Insurance Public Company Limited as our insurance company. The type of policy selected is open policy, which covers over a period of time as we plan to ship the products quite often in the near future. The package we choose is â€Å"Institute Cargo Clauses type C† which covers fire or explosion; vessel stranded or sunk, collision of vessel and discharge of cargo at port of distress. The reason we choose Dhipaya Insurance is because the company has a long history as well as the credit of the company is widely accepted both in Thailand and other countries in this region. Marketing Mix Marketing Mix(4P) 1. Product 2. Price 3. Place 4. Promotion Product Ingredients and Condiments of MAMA instant noodles still remain the same. The size of MAMA's pack and accumulated net weight within the pack are also the same. But label that state on the pack will be changed from Thai language to English language. And all informations at the back of the pack will be translated to Pilipino as well. – Product Standardization We make our product to be standardized. We not change any Research&Development. We use the same strategies as in Thailand. We dont adapted or changed our products forward Pilipino . Price We changed the price from originally 6 baht in Thailand to 30 baht or 1USD per pack selling Philippines. We set the price followed our competitors but our competitors set 1USD or more than but we set only 1USD to penetrate the market. Pricing Policy We use Dual Pricing because we change the selling price from 6Baht to 1USD. We add more price because we have to calculate cost-plus method ,For example; Import taxes,Vat,Transportation cost,Shipping cost,etc. Place We decided to sell our products MAMA instant noodles into Philippines though only one major distribution channel,SM hypermarket company. Promotion We use quantity discounts as a promotion in Pilipino market. Consumers will pay less if they buy pack of six. Cost Structure EXPORT| IMPORT| Cost element| Cost| Cost element| Cost| Factory cost of 205,200 [email  protected] US$0. 098 per packs| US$20,109. | Land cost CIF| $****| Expenses:| | Duty @ 3%| $****| Export packing (205,200 [email  protected] US$0. 005 per pack)| US$1,026| Other Taxes| $****| | | Brokerage – Clearance fees| $****| Consular invoice| US$30| Forwarder Fees| $****| Freight forwarder Fee (included in transportation cost)| -| Banking charges| $****| FOB price| US$21,165. 6| Total landed cost (DDP)| $****| | | Expenses:|   | |   | Warehouse| $****| |   | Repacking| $****| |   | Freight out| $****| |   | Advertising| $****| |   | Interest| $****| |   | Others| $****| Marine Insurance| US$317. 5| Total landed plus expenses| $****|   |   |   |   | Transportation (Ocean)| US$2,295| Plus Markup| $****| Landed cost (CIF)| US$23,778. 1| Suggested selling Price| $****|   |   |   |   | |   |   |   | Reference * http://www. dksh. ph/htm/388/en_PH/News-Detail. htm? Id=60707 * http://goodnewspilipinas. com/2010/04/06/philippines-set-to-become-food-safety-hub-of-asean/ * http://www. selamat. wur. nl/NR/rdonlyres/F6A33BEE-EE82-464A-A1EB-118034E1F9D9/122444/Philippines. pdf * http://www. iso. org/iso/iso_catalogue/management_and_leadership_standards/quality_management/more_resources_9000/9001supchain. htm#what_is_iso_9001 * http://www. rcglobalstandards. com/GlobalStandards/Home. aspx * http://www. inspection. gc. ca/food/fish-and-seafood/exports/by-jurisdiction/philippines/eng/1304243817860/1304243914409 * http://www. mama. co. th/faqs. php * http://ebook. foodrecap. net/food-standard/pinoy-food-label/ * http://www. lcbcustoms. net * http://www. laemchabangport. com * http://www. mama. co. th * www. thaiblogonline. com * ma ps. google. co. th * http://www. ppa. com. ph * http://www. maplandia. com/philippines/ncr/manila/port-area/ * http://www. worldportsource. com/ports/PHL_Port_of_Manila_1947. hp * http://www. mapsofworld. com/cities/philippines/manila/port. html * http://smhypermarket. com/hypermarket/index. php? p=420 * http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/SM_Hypermarket * http://internet1. customs. go. th/wps/wcm/connect/custen/importexport/exporter/exporter * http://www. dti. gov. ph/dti/index. php? p=196&fb_source=message * http://www. chanrobles. com/presidentialdecrees/presidentialdecreeno1679. html * http://www. nykline. co. th/main/content_view. php? data_cat=6&data_id=16 * http://www. dhipaya. co. th/ * http://www. x-convert. com/chart/PHP-THB? period=6m